Ãëàãîë "to be" â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ñàìûõ âàæíûõ è ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìûõ. Âîò îñíîâíûå ...

Ãëàãîë "to be" â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ñàìûõ âàæíûõ è ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìûõ. Âîò îñíîâíûå ïðàâèëà åãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ:

Ôîðìû ãëàãîëà "to be"

1. Íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ:

• I am (ÿ åñòü)

• You are (òû/âû åñòü)

• He/She/It is (îí/îíà/îíî åñòü)

• We are (ìû åñòü)

• They are (îíè åñòü)

2. Ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ:

• I was (ÿ áûë)

• You were (òû/âû áûëè)

• He/She/It was (îí/îíà/îíî áûëî)

• We were (ìû áûëè)

• They were (îíè áûëè)

3. Áóäóùåå âðåìÿ:

• I will be (ÿ áóäó)

• You will be (òû/âû áóäåòå)

• He/She/It will be (îí/îíà/îíî áóäåò)

• We will be (ìû áóäåì)

• They will be (îíè áóäóò)

Îñíîâíûå ïðàâèëà èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ

1. Äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïðåäëîæåíèé:
Ãëàãîë "to be" èñïîëüçóåòñÿ êàê ñâÿçóþùèé ãëàãîë äëÿ ñîåäèíåíèÿ ïîäëåæàùåãî ñ ïðåäèêàòèâíûì ñëîâîì (íàïðèìåð, ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, ïðèëàãàòåëüíûì).

• Ïðèìåð: She is a teacher. (Îíà — ó÷èòåëü.)

• Ïðèìåð: They are happy. (Îíè ñ÷àñòëèâû.)

2. Â âîïðîñàõ:
Ãëàãîë "to be" èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ âîïðîñîâ.

• Ïðèìåð: Are you ready? (Òû ãîòîâ?)

• Ïðèìåð: Is he your brother? (Îí òâîé áðàò?)

3. Â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ:
Äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ îòðèöàíèé äîáàâëÿåòñÿ "not".

• Ïðèìåð: I am not tired. (ß íå óñòàë.)

• Ïðèìåð: They are not here. (Èõ çäåñü íåò.)

4. Â ñîñòàâíûõ âðåìåíàõ:
Ãëàãîë "to be" èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå âñïîìîãàòåëüíîãî ãëàãîëà.

• Ïðèìåð: She is studying now. (Îíà ñåé÷àñ ó÷èòñÿ.)

• Ïðèìåð: They were playing football. (Îíè èãðàëè â ôóòáîë.)

5. Â ïàññèâíîì çàëîãå:
Ãëàãîë "to be" èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïàññèâíîé ôîðìû.

• Ïðèìåð: The book was written by J.K. Rowling. (Êíèãà áûëà íàïèñàíà Äæ.Ê. Ðîóëèíã.)

Îñîáûå ñëó÷àè

• Â âûðàæåíèÿõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ: Ãëàãîë "to be" ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ ñîñòîÿíèÿ èëè ìåñòîïîëîæåíèÿ.

• Ïðèìåð: The cat is on the table. (Êîøêà íà ñòîëå.)


• Â âûðàæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè: Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ âðåìåíè.

• Ïðèìåð: It is five o'clock. (Ñåé÷àñ ïÿòü ÷àñîâ.)

Ýòè ïðàâèëà ïîìîãóò âàì ïðàâèëüíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ãëàãîë "to be" â ðàçëè÷íûõ êîíòåêñòàõ.