Ñóôôèêñû è ïðåôèêñû — ýòî ìîðôåìû, êîòîðûå äîáàâëÿþòñÿ ê êîðíþ ñëîâà äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ íîâûõ ñëîâ èëè ...

Ñóôôèêñû è ïðåôèêñû — ýòî ìîðôåìû, êîòîðûå äîáàâëÿþòñÿ ê êîðíþ ñëîâà äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ íîâûõ ñëîâ èëè èçìåíåíèÿ èõ çíà÷åíèé. Âîò íåêîòîðûå èç íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ñóôôèêñîâ è ïðåôèêñîâ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå:

Ïðåôèêñû

1. un- (íå, ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü)

• Example: happy unhappy (ñ÷àñòëèâûé íåñ÷àñòëèâûé)

2. re- (ïîâòîðåíèå, ñíîâà)

• Example: write rewrite (ïèñàòü ïåðåïèñûâàòü)

3. dis- (ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü, îòðèöàíèå)

• Example: agree disagree (ñîãëàøàòüñÿ íå ñîãëàøàòüñÿ)

4. mis- (îøèáêà, íåïðàâèëüíîñòü)

• Example: understand misunderstand (ïîíèìàòü íåïðàâèëüíî ïîíèìàòü)

5. pre- (äî, çàðàíåå)

• Example: view preview (ïðîñìîòð ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé ïðîñìîòð)

6. sub- (ïîä, íèæå)

• Example: marine submarine (ìîðñêîé ïîäâîäíûé)

7. inter- (ìåæäó, ñðåäè)

• Example: national international (íàöèîíàëüíûé ìåæäóíàðîäíûé)

8. trans- (÷åðåç, èçìåíåíèå)

• Example: form transform (ôîðìà ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòü)

Ñóôôèêñû

1. -ing (äåéñòâèå, ïðîöåññ)

• Example: run running (áåæàòü áåã)

2. -ed (ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ äëÿ ïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ)

• Example: play played (èãðàòü èãðàë)

3. -s/-es (ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî)

• Example: cat cats (êîò êîòû)

4. -ly (îáðàçóåò íàðå÷èÿ)

• Example: quick quickly (áûñòðûé áûñòðî)

5. -ness (ñîñòîÿíèå, êà÷åñòâî)

• Example: happy happiness (ñ÷àñòëèâûé ñ÷àñòüå)

6. -ful (ïîëíûé ÷åãî-ëèáî)

• Example: beauty beautiful (êðàñîòà êðàñèâûé)

7. -less (áåç ÷åãî-ëèáî)

• Example: care careless (çàáîòà áåççàáîòíûé)

8. -tion/-sion (îáðàçóåò ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå îò ãëàãîëîâ)

• Example: inform information (èíôîðìèðîâàòü èíôîðìàöèÿ)

9. -er/-or (îáîçíà÷àåò ÷åëîâåêà, âûïîëíÿþùåãî äåéñòâèå)

• Example: teach teacher (ó÷èòü ó÷èòåëü)

10. -ity/-ty (îáðàçóåò ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, îáîçíà÷àþùèå ñîñòîÿíèå èëè êà÷åñòâî)

• Example: active activity (àêòèâíûé àêòèâíîñòü)

Ýòè ïðåôèêñû è ñóôôèêñû øèðîêî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå è ïîìîãàþò îáðàçîâûâàòü íîâûå ñëîâà è ìåíÿòü èõ çíà÷åíèÿ.