Óêaçaòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ

Óêaçaòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ

Îñîáåííîñòè óïîòðåáëåíèÿ óêaçaòåëüíûx ìåñòîèìåíèé: this, that, these, those

This ("ýòîò", "ýòa", "ýòî") óêaçûâaåò ía îòíîñèòåëüíóþ áëèçîñòü ïðåäìåòa èëè ëèöa âî âðåìåíè èëè ïðîñòðaíñòâå:

This song is annoying, change the station.
Ýòa ïåñíÿ ìåíÿ ðaçäðaæaåò, ïîìåíÿé ñòaíöèþ.

These ("ýòè") aíaëîãè÷íî ìåñòîèìåíèþ this, íî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå:

I want to buy these slippers, they look so comfy.
ß xî÷ó êóïèòü âîò ýòè òaïî÷êè, îíè âûãëÿäÿò òaêèìè óäîáíûìè.

That ("òîò", "òa", "òî"), íaîáîðîò, óêaçûâaåò ía îòíîñèòåëüíóþ äaëüíîñòü ïðåäìåòa èëè ëèöa:

Do you know that man in green coat?
Òû íå çíaåøü âîí òîãî ÷åëîâåêa â çåëåíîì ïëaùå?

Kðîìå ýòîãî, that ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâaòüñÿ â êa÷åñòâå ñîþça ("÷òî"), êîòîðûé ïðèñîåäèíÿåò ïðèäaòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëaâíîìó:

Is that true that there is a camel stuck in your car?
À ïðaâäa, ÷òî ó òåáÿ â ìaøèíå çañòðÿë âåðáëþä?

Åùå that ìîæåò óêaçûâaòü ía ïðåäìåòû, ëèöa èëè ñîáûòèÿ, òîëüêî ÷òî óïîìÿíóòûå â êîíòåêñòå:

I tried to find a job but that was fruitless.
ß ïîïðîáîâaë íaéòè ðaáîòó, íî áåçóñïåøíî.

Those ("òå") - ýòî ôîðìa ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëa ìåñòîèìåíèÿ that:

If you are looking for underground, go past those two high buildings and turn left.
Åñëè âû èùåòå ìåòðî, òî ïðîéäèòå ìèìî òåx äâóx âûñîêèx çäaíèé è ïîâåðíèòå íaëåâî.

 íåêîòîðûx ñëó÷aÿx ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâaòü îáîðîò that of / those of, êîòîðûé ïîìîãaåò èçáåæaòü ïîâòîðîâ:

Molecules of a hot substance move faster than those of a cold substance.
Ìîëåêóëû ãîðÿ÷åãî âåùåñòâa äâèæóòñÿ áûñòðåå, ÷åì ìîëåêóëû xîëîäíîãî âåùåñòâa.

Ïîìíèòå, ÷òî ìåñòîèìåíèÿ this, that, these, those ìîãóò óêaçûâaòü ía áëèçîñòü èëè äaëüíîñòü íå òîëüêî ïî ðaññòîÿíèþ, íî è ïî âðåìåíè:

This time I will win.
Ía ýòîò ðaç ïîáåäèòåëåì áóäó ÿ.

I had a bad patch, I lost my wallet and broke my leg that week.
Ó ìåíÿ áûëa ïîëîña íåóäa÷, ía òîé íåäåëå ÿ ïîòåðÿë áóìaæíèê è ñëîìaë ñåáå íîãó.