Some and any Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where

Some and any Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where

(a) Îáû÷íî some ïðèìåíÿþò â óòâåðäèòåëüíîì

ïðåäëîæåíèè, à any - â îòðèöàòåëüíîì è â âîïðîñàõ

(íî îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà ïóíêòû b è d):

- Sue has caught some flies. - We haven't got any money.

- I've got something tasty to eat. - He's busy. He never has any time.

- Let's go somewhere quiet. - She never goes anywhere.

- She refused to do anything.

(b) Any / anyone / anything è ò.ä. ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ

ïîñëå if :

- If there are any calls for me, can you say that I'm not home?

- If anyone has any questions, ask now.

- If you want anything, say it to the servant, he'll do everything.

â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ áåç if, íî ñìûñë â íèõ òîò æå:

- Anyone who wants to get this job must give me their names before

Tuesday. (= if there is anyone who ...)

- I'll welcome any guests that will come to you. (= if there are any)

ñ  âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ îáû÷íî

óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ìåñòîèìåíèå any (à íå `some'):

- Have you got any coffee? - Has anybody called me?

Íî some ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â âîïðîñàõ, êîãäà

îæèäàåìûì îòâåòîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ `yes' :

- What's wrong with him? Has he got some troubles? (= I think

he has got some troubles and I expect you to say `yes')

- She's in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere?

(= She's looking miserable. Isn't she going out anywhere?)

è â âîïðîñàõ, îñîáåííî êîãäà ìû ïðåäëàãàåì èëè

ïðîñèì î ÷¸ì-ëèáî:

- Would you like some work? - Can I have some of those vegetables?

(d) Any /anyone /anybody /anything /anywhere ìîãóò

îçíà÷àòü

it doesn't matter which /who /what /where:

- You can buy any of these suits.

(=íåâàæíî êîòîðûé èç ýòèõ êîñòþìîâ)

- Call me any time you need. (=íåâàæíî êîãäà)

- You can have anything you want for your birthday present.

- She left the child in the street. Anybody could have walked off with it.

- I'd rather go anywhere than stay at home.

- `Tell me a story.' `What story shall I tell?' `Any one. I don't mind.'

(e) Someone /somebody /anyone /anybody èñïîëüçóþòñÿ,

êàê ñëîâà â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå:

- Someone wants to talk with you.

- Is anybody home?

Íî ÷àñòî they / them / their èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ïîñëå

ýòèõ ñëîâ âìåñòî he / she :

- If anyone needs to leave , they can. (= he or she can)

- Somebody has spilt their (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.