Óñëîâèå â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü íåñêîëüêèìè ñïîñîáàìè. Íàïðèìåð, ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü if – ...

Óñëîâèå â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü íåñêîëüêèìè ñïîñîáàìè. Íàïðèìåð, ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü if – "åñëè".

If you heat ice, it melts.
Åñëè íàãðåâàòü ëåä, îí òàåò.

If you give respect, you get respect.
Åñëè òû áóäåøü óâàæàòü äðóãèõ, òåáÿ òîæå áóäóò óâàæàòü.

Èíîãäà if îïóñêàåòñÿ.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå íàáëþäàåòñÿ èíâåðñèÿ.

Had I been there, there would have been no problems. (= If I had been there, there would have been no problems.)
Áûë áû ÿ òàì, ïðîáëåì áû íå áûëî. (= Åñëè áû ÿ áûë òàì, ïðîáëåì áû íå áûëî.)

Were I you, I wouldn't refuse this offer. (= If I were you I would not refuse this offer.)
Áûë áû ÿ íà òâîåì ìåñòå, ÿ áû íå îòêàçàëñÿ îò ýòîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. (= Åñëè áû ÿ áûë íà òâîåì ìåñòå, ÿ áû íå îòêàçàëñÿ îò òâîåãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.)

Âûðàæåíèå óñëîâèÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ unless

Óñëîâèå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü ñ ïîìîùüþ unless – "åñëè íå".

Unless you give me the keys of the safe, you will be shot.
Åñëè òû íå äàøü ìíå êëþ÷è îò ñåéôà, ÿ âûñòðåëþ.

Unless you agree to my proposal, you cannot expect any help from me.
Åñëè òû íå ñîãëàñèøüñÿ íà ìîå ïðåäëîæåíèå, ìîæåøü íå ðàññ÷èòûâàòü íà ìîþ ïîìîùü.

Âûðàæåíèå óñëîâèÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñîþçíûõ îáîðîòîâ

Óñëîâèå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü ñ ïîìîùüþ ñîþçíûõ îáîðîòîâ, òàêèõ, êàê: in case – "â ñëó÷àå, åñëè"; but that – "â òîì ñëó÷àå, åñëè".

In case it rains, I shall put on my rain coat.
ß íàäåíó ïëàù íà ñëó÷àé, åñëè ïîéäåò äîæäü.

Óñëîâèå òàêæå ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåíî ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðè÷àñòíîãî îáîðîòà.

Supposing he does not come, what will you do?
Ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî îí íå ïðèäåò. ×òî òû áóäåøü äåëàòü?

I will help you provided that you follow instructions.
ß ïîìîãó òåáå, ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî òû áóäåøü ñëåäîâàòü óêàçàíèÿì.

Óñëîâèå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü íåñêîëüêèìè ñïîñîáàìè. Âíèìàòåëüíî èçó÷èòå íèæåïðèâåäåííûå ïðèìåðû.

You will win, if you study well.
Òû âûèãðàåøü, åñëè õîðîøî ïîäãîòîâèøüñÿ.

You will not win, unless you study well.
Òû íå âûèãðàåøü, åñëè õîðîøî íå ïîäãîòîâèøüñÿ.

You will win, provided that you study well.
Òû âûèãðàåøü, ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî òû õîðîøî ïîäãîòîâèøüñÿ.

In case you study well, you will win.
 ñëó÷àå, åñëè òû õîðîøî ïîäãîòîâèøüñÿ, òû âûèãðàåøü.

Supposing you study well, you will win.
Ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî òû õîðîøî ïîäãîòîâèøüñÿ, òîãäà òû âûèãðàåøü.