Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëà: Present Perfect (Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå)

Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëà: Present Perfect (Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå)

Present Perfect (Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííî) ìîæåò óïîòðåáëÿòüñÿ â ñëåäóþùèõ ñëó÷àÿõ:

1.Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ äåéñòâèÿ, çàâåðøèâøåãîñÿ ê ìîìåíòó ðå÷è, ïîýòîìó åãî ìîæíî íàçâàòü ïðåäíàñòîÿùèì. Âðåìÿ äåéñòâèÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå âàæíî, ïîñêîëüêó âàæåí ñàì ôàêò ñîâåðøåíèÿ äåéñòâèÿ ê íàñòîÿùåìó ìîìåíòó èëè åãî ðåçóëüòàò.

Ïðèìåð:
Kate has read this book. Àííà (óæå) ïðî÷èòàëà ýòó êíèãó.
Do not go to the shop, I have bought bread. Íå õîäè â ìàãàçèí, ÿ êóïèë õëåá.
I have seen the film and I think it’s dull. ß (óæå) ïîñìîòðåë ôèëüì è äóìàþ, ÷òî îí ñêó÷íûé.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
 íàñòîÿùåì ñîâåðøåííîì âðåìåíè (Present Perfect) ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñ òàêèìè íàðå÷èÿìè, êàê:
- just (òîëüêî ÷òî);
- already (óæå);
- lately (íåäàâíî);
- of late (â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ);
- yet (â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ);

2. Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ äåéñòâèÿ, êîòîðîå óæå ñîâåðøèëîñü íà òîò ïåðèîä, â êîòîðîå îíî ïðîèñõîäèëî, åùå ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ è ìîæåò áûòü îáîçíà÷åí îáñòîÿòåëüñòâîì âðåìåíè today, this week, this month, this year, this century.

Ïðèìåð:
I have seen the film twice this week. ß óæå äâàæäû ïîñìîòðåë ýòîò ôèëüì íà ýòîé íåäåëè.
I have written a letter this morning. ß óæå íàïèñàë ïèñüìî ñåãîäíÿ óòðîì.

3.Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ äåéñòâèÿ, êîòîðîå íà÷àëîñü â ïðîøëîì, ïðîäîëæàëîñü äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè è ïðîòåêàåò â íàñòîÿùåì, ò.å äåéñòâèÿ, êîòîðîå îõâàòûâàåò öåëûé ïåðèîä âðåìåíè, âêëþ÷àþùèé è íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò.

Ïðèìåð:
I have always been in love with you. ß âñåãäà Âàñ ëþáèë (ëþáèë ðàíüøå, ëþáëþ è ñåé÷àñ).
I have known him all my life. ß çíàþ åãî âñþ æèçíü. (çíàë ðàíüøå, çíàþ è ñåé÷àñ).