Îäíà èç ãëàâíûõ áåä íàøèõ â àíãëèéñêîì - ýòî íåïðàâèëüíîå óïîòðåáëåíèå âðåìåí àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ. ...

Îäíà èç ãëàâíûõ áåä íàøèõ â àíãëèéñêîì - ýòî íåïðàâèëüíîå óïîòðåáëåíèå âðåìåí àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ. Ïðèâîäèì î÷åíü äàæå ïîëåçíîå ïîñîáèå. Ïîñëå äâóõ ïðî÷òåíèé íàñìåðòü çàïîìèíàåòñÿ.

Ñèñòåìà àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ãëàãîëà "to vodka"

1. Âî-ïåðâûõ, íåîáõîäèìî óÿñíèòü, ÷òî â ýòîì ÿçûêå ñóùåñòâóþò ãëàãîëû:
1.1. íåîïðåäåëåííûå (Indefinite), ò.å. íåèçâåñòíî, ïüåøü òû èëè íåò,
1.2. äëèòåëüíûå (Continuous), ò.å. òû äàâíî è ïðîäîëæàåøü,
1.3. çàâåðøåííûå (Perfect), ò.å. òû ëèáî âûøåë èç çàïîÿ, ëèáî óæå îêîí÷àòåëüíî íàïèëñÿ è âûðóáèëñÿ.

2. Âî-âòîðûõ, ñóùåñòâóåò îáúåêòèâíîå:
2.1. íàñòîÿùåå (Present) - âàøå îòíîøåíèå ê ñïèðòíîìó,
2.2. ïðîøëîå (Past) - òåìíîå èëè ñâåòëîå,
2.3. áóäóùåå (Future) - òî, ÷òî íàì ñâåòèò: öèððîç, áåëàÿ ãîðÿ÷êà è ò.ä.

3. Òåïåðü âñå ñìåøèâàåì.

3.1. Present:
3.1.1. Present Indefinite (íàñòîÿùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå), ñì. âûøå.
I vodka every day. - ß ïüþ âîäêó êàæäûé äåíü. Âìåñòî
every day ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âûðàæåíèÿ: usually, seldom, often,
from time to time, from melkaya posuda, bolshimi glotkami.
3.1.2. Present Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå):
I am vodking now. - ß ïüþ âîäêó ñåé÷àñ.
Äëÿ ýìôàòè÷åñêîãî óñèëåíèÿ ñ ýòèì âðåìåíåì ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü
íàðå÷èÿ:
He is constantly vodking! - Îí ïîñòîÿííî ïîääàòûé!
3.1.3. Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå):
I have already vodked. - ß óæå íàæðàìøèñü. (Â îòâåò íà
ïðåäëîæåíèå âûïèòü)
3.1.4. Present Perfect Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå):
I have been vodking since childhood.
- ß ïüþ âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà (òèï inclusive).
- ß ïèë âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà, íî óæå íå ïüþ (òèï exclusive).

3.2. Past :
3.2.1. Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå):
I vodked yesterday. - ß íàïèëñÿ â÷åðà.
(íå ïóòàòü ñî âðåìåíåì 3.1.3., òàì òû íàïèëñÿ òîëüêî ÷òî).
3.2.2. Past Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå):
×àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëàâíîìó âî
âðåìåíè 3.2.1
- Unfortunately, I was vodking at the moment my wife came.
- Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ, ÿ ïèë âîäêó â òîò ìîìåíò, êîãäà ïðèøëà æåíà.
3.2.3. Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå):
Òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå.
- I had already vodked when my wife came.
- ß óæå óïèëñÿ, êîãäà âîøëà æåíà.
3.2.4. Past Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå çâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå):
- I had been vodking for about a month when my wife came.
- ß ïèë âîäêó óæå îêîëî ìåñÿöà, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà.

3.3. Future :
3.3.1. Future Indefinite (áóäóùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå):
I will vodka tomorrow. - ß áóäó ïèòü âîäêó çàâòðà.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:  ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ
(ò.å. ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ïîäõîäÿùåãî âðåìåíè è óñëîâèé) âìåñòî
âðåìåíè 3.3.1. óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âðåìÿ 3.1.1.:
- If I vodka tomorrow I will be sick the day after tomorrow.
- Åñëè ÿ âûïüþ çàâòðà, ÿ áóäó áîëåòü ïîñëåçàâòðà.
3.3.2. Future Continuous (áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå):
I will be vodking tomorrow at 5. - ß áóäó çàíèìàòüñÿ
óïîòðåáëåíèåì ãîðÿ÷èòåëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ çàâòðà â 5.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå: Ïðè ãîðÿ÷åì æåëàíèè îïîõìåëèòüñÿ âìåñòî
âðåìåíè 3.3.1. ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âðåìÿ 3.3.2. :
- Soon! Soon I will be vodking!
- Ñêîðî! Ñêîðî ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó!
3.3.3. Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå):
Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ
- Tomorrow by 5 o'clock I will have vodked.
- Çàâòðà ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó íàæðàìøèñü.
3.3.4. Future Perfect Continuous (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííî-äëèòåëüíîå):
- By tomorrow morning I will have been vodking for a week.
- Ê çàâòðàøíåìó óòðó ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó íåäåëþ.