Óïîòðåáëåíèå ãëàãîëîâ do, make. Ãëàãîë «DO» - "äåëàòü" óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå äëÿ ...

Óïîòðåáëåíèå ãëàãîëîâ do, make.

Ãëàãîë «DO» - "äåëàòü" óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñàìîé øèðîêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè:

«do a crossword – ðàçãàäûâàòü êðîññâîðä
«do the ironing – óòþæèòü ÷òî-ëèáî
«do the laundry – çàíèìàòüñÿ ñòèðêîé
«do the washing – ìûòü ÷òî-ëèáî
«do the washing up – óìûâàòüñÿ

«Do» ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î ðàáîòå ëþáîãî ïëàíà:

«do your work» – äåëàòü ðàáîòó
«do homework» – äåëàòü äîìàøíþþ ðàáîòó (äîìàøíèå çàäàíèÿ)
«do housework» – äåëàòü ðàáîòó ïî äîìó
«do your job» – äåëàòü ñâîþ ðàáîòó (ñâîè îáÿçàííîñòè)

DO â êà÷åñòâå îáùåé èäåè

Ãëàãîë «Do» èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î ÷åì-ëèáî â îáùåì. Äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè, êîãäà íåîáõîäèìî îïèñàòü êàêîå-ëèáî äåéñòâèå, ïðè ýòîì íå íàçûâàÿ ñàìîãî äåéñòâèÿ.  äàííîì çíà÷åíèè ãëàãîë ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñî ñëîâàìè something, nothing, anything, everything, è ò.ä.
Íàïðèìåð:

«I'm not doing anything today» - ß ñåãîäíÿ íè÷åãî íå äåëàþ. (= ß ñåãîäíÿ íè÷åì íå çàíèìàþñü.)
«He does everything for his mother» - Îí âñå äåëàåò äëÿ ñâîåé ìàòåðè.
«She's doing nothing» - Îíà íè÷åãî íå äåëàåò. (= Îíà íè÷åì íå çàíèìàåòñÿ.)

MAKE - "äåëàòü" óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ êàêîãî-ëèáî êîíêðåòíîãî äåéñòâèÿ, êîãäà ÷òî-ëèáî ñîçäàåòñÿ, ñîîðóæàåòñÿ, ñòðîèòñÿ, è ò.ï.:

«make a dress» – ñäåëàòü (ñøèòü) ïëàòüå
«make food» – ïðèãîòîâèòü åäó
«make a cup of tea / coffee» – ñäåëàòü (ïðèãîòîâèòü) ÷àøêó ÷àÿ / êîôå

«Make» ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î ïðèãîòîâëåíèè åäû.

«make a meal (breakfast / lunch / dinner)» – ïðèãîòîâèòü åäó (çàâòðàê / îáåä / óæèí)

 áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ñî÷åòàåìîñòü ãëàãîëîâ «do» è «make» ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè íå ïîääà¸òñÿ íèêàêîé ëîãèêå - èõ ïðîñòî íàäî çàïîìíèòü.

Do (did, done):

do homework - äåëàòü óðîêè
do work about the house - äåëàòü ðàáîòó ïî äîìó
do one's bed - çàïðàâëÿòü ïîñòåëü
do an exercise - äåëàòü óïðàæíåíèå
do morning exercises - äåëàòü óòðåííþþ çàðÿäêó
do translation - äåëàòü ïåðåâîä
do one's best - äåëàòü âñ¸ îò ñåáÿ çàâèñÿùåå
do harm - ïðè÷èíÿòü âðåä, âðåäèòü
do business – çàíèìàòüñÿ äåëàìè, áèçíåñîì
do the dishes – ìûòü ïîñóäó
do a favour – ñäåëàòü îäîëæåíèå
do good – ïîéòè íà ïîëüçó; ïðèíåñòè ïîëüçó
do harm – ïîéòè âî âðåä; ïðèíåñòè âðåä; ïðè÷èíèòü âðåä
do your best – ñäåëàòü âñå âîçìîæíîå
do your hair – ïðè÷åñûâàòü âîëîñû

Make (made, made):

make a mistake - ñäåëàòü îøèáêó
make a speech - ïðîèçíîñèòü ðå÷ü
make coffee - âàðèòü êîôå
make tea - çàâàðèâàòü ÷àé
make oneself at home - óñòðîèòüñÿ êàê äîìà
make a fuss - ïîäíèìàòü øóì /ñêàíäàë
make a mess - óñòðàèâàòü áåñïîðÿäîê
make arrangements – äîãîâîðèòüñÿ, óñòðîèòü ÷òî-ëèáî
make believe (to pretend) – ïðèòâîðÿòüñÿ, äåëàòü âèä
make a choice – ñäåëàòü âûáîð
make a comment – ñäåëàòü çàìå÷àíèå, êîììåíòàðèé
make a decision – ïðèíÿòü ðåøåíèå
make an effort – ïðèëîæèòü óñèëèå
make an enquiry – ñäåëàòü çàïðîñ, íàâîäèòü ñïðàâêè
make an excuse - èçâèíèòüñÿ
make a fool of yourself – âûñòàâèòü ñåáÿ äóðàêîì
make a fortune – ñäåëàòü ñîñòîÿíèå
make friends - ïîäðóæèòüñÿ
make a fuss – ïîäíèìàòü øóì
make a journey – ñîâåðøèòü ïóòåøåñòâèå
make a mess – óñòðîèòü áåñïîðÿäîê
make money – çàðàáàòûâàòü äåíüãè
make a move – ñäåëàòü õîä
make a noise - øóìåòü / ïðîèçâîäèòü øóì
make a phone call – ñîâåðøèòü òåëåôîííûé çâîíîê
make a plan – ñîñòàâèòü ïëàí
make a point – âûðàçèòü òî÷êó çðåíèÿ
make a profit – ïîëó÷àòü ïðèáûëü
make a present - äåëàòü ïîäàðîê
make a promise – ñäåëàòü îáåùàíèå
make a remark – ñäåëàòü çàìå÷àíèå
make a sound – èçäàòü çâóê
make a speech – ïðî÷èòàòü ðå÷ü
make a suggestion – ñäåëàòü ïðåäëîæåíèå

make a difference – èìåòü ðàçíèöó (íàïðèìåð: It makes no difference. – Ýòî íå èìååò íèêàêîé ðàçíèöû).

make amends – âíîñèòü ïîïðàâêè (â äîãîâîð, â êîíòðàêò, è ò.ï.); òàêæå ìîæåò îçíà÷àòü "êîìïåíñèðîâàòü êîìó-ëèáî ÷òî-ëèáî", "èçâèíèòüñÿ ïåðåä êåì-ëèáî"