Ïðîñòûå ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà

Ïðîñòûå ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà

beside, in, near, on, at, by, (âîçëå, â, îêîëî, íà, ó),
above, over (íàä ïðåäìåòîì, âûøå îáúåêòà),
across (÷åðåç ÷òî-ëèáî, ïîïåðåê ÷åãî-ëèáî ),
against èëè opposite (íàïðîòèâ, îêîëî),
among, between (ìåæäó îáúåêòîâ, ñðåäè),
along (ïî, âäîëü),
before ( ïåðåä ), behind (çà ÷åì-òî, ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, ïîçàäè),
below, under (íèæå, ÷åì; ïîä),
beyond (çà, ïî òó èëè ýòó ñòîðîíó),
round (êðóãîì, âîêðóã), around.
Our friend's appartment is below our parents'.
Êâàðòèðà íàøåãî äðóãà íàõîäèòñÿ íèæå êâàðòèðû íàøèõ ðîäèòåëåé.
The basket is under the table.
Êîðçèíà íàõîäèòñÿ ïîä ñòîëîì.
Tom was driving along the motoway.
Òîì åõàë ìàøèíîé ïî øîññå.
Emmy usually goes to the library by bus.
Ýììè îáû÷íî åäåò â áèáëèîòåêó àâòîáóñîì.

Ñëîæíûå ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà (ñîñòîÿò èç íåñêîëüêèõ ñëîâ)

next to ( ðÿäîì, ïî ñîñåäñòâó),
in front of (ñ ëèöåâîé ÷àñòè, âïåðåäè, íàïðîòèâ),
in the middle of (ïîñåðåäèíå, â öåíòðå), in the center,
far from (íà ðàññòîÿíèè, äàëåêî îò).
Put the sofa in front of the table.
Ïîñòàâüòå äèâàí íàïðîòèâ ñòîëà.
Alex’s room is next to ours.
Êîìíàòà Àëåêñà íàõîäèòñÿ ðÿäîì ñ íàøåé.
There are many toys in the middle of the kids’ room.
Ïîñåðåäèíå äåòñêîé ìíîãî èãðóøåê.

Óïîòðåáëåíèå ïðåäëîãà At

1. Îáû÷íî óïîòðåáëÿþò ñ àðòèêëåì, åñëè ðå÷ü èäåò îá óñòàíîâëåííîì ìåñòå, áëèçêîì îðèåíòèðå èëè ïóíêòå, íî íè â êîåì ñëó÷àå î òåððèòîðèè â öåëîì.
The chair is at the open window.
Ñòóë (íàõîäèòñÿ) âîçëå îòêðûòîãî îêíà.
You will notice this pattern at the bottom.
Âû óâèäèòå ýòîò øàáëîí âíèçó.
Ann and Rui are at the village bus stop.
Ýíí è Ðóè íàõîäÿòñÿ íà îñòàíîâêå â ñåëå.
2. Åñëè, ñîãëàñíî êîíòåêñòó, ýòî ó÷ðåæäåíèå èëè îðãàíèçàöèÿ, à òàêæå, êîíêðåòíûé àäðåñ, óêàçàííûé íîìåð äîìà.
Let’s meet at the Flower Avenue 4.
Äàâàéòå âñòðåòèìñÿ íà Ôëàóý Àâåíþ 4.
3. Ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå áåç àðòèêëÿ, êîãäà äåëàåòñÿ àêöåíò íà ïðèâû÷íîå çàíÿòèå èëè îïðåäåëåííóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü.
Kate will stay at home.
Êåéò îñòàíåòñÿ äîìà.

Óïîòðåáëåíèå ïðåäëîãà In

1. Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ àðòèêëåì, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î ðàñïîëîæåíèè âíóòðè ÷åãî-ëèáî è î ñòîðîíàõ çåìíîãî øàðà.
The information is stored in the file.
Èíôîðìàöèÿ õðàíèòñÿ â ôàéëå.
His friend lives in the North.
Åãî äðóã æèâåò íà ñåâåðå.
2. Îòíîñèòåëüíî òðàíñïîðòíîãî ñðåäñòâà ïðè ïóòåøåñòâèè, èìåííî, âíóòðè îáúåêòà.
Andrew was in the taxi while Rob was looking for him.
Ýíäðþ áûë â òàêñè, êîãäà Ðîá èñêàë åãî.
3. Àðòèêëü îòñóòñòâóåò, êîãäà îïèñàíî ïðåáûâàíèå â ãîðîäàõ, ñòðàíàõ, êàêîì-òî ðåãèîíå, ìåñòíîñòè, ïîñåëêàõ, â ñòîéêèõ ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿõ: â êðîâàòè, â áîëüíèöå, â ïîñòåëè, â òþðüìå.
Usually I live in Turkey in summer.
Îáû÷íî ÿ æèâó â Òóðöèè ëåòîì.
The patient should stay in bed.
Ïàöèåíò äîëæåí îñòàâàòüñÿ â ïîñòåëè.

Óïîòðåáëåíèå ïðåäëîãà On

1. Ïðèìåíÿþò ýòîò ïðåäëîã äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìåñòà, ñâÿçàííîãî ñ ïîâåðõíîñòÿìè è ïëîñêîñòÿìè.
He’s found his dinner on the kitchen table.
Îí îáíàðóæèë ñâîé óæèí íà êóõîííîì ñòîëå.
The book fell on the floor.
Êíèæêà óïàëà íà ïîë.
2. Îïðåäåëåíèå ïðåäìåòà ïî îòíîøåíèþ ñòîðîíû.
Figures were written on the front surface of the toy.
Öèôðû íàïèñàíû íà ëèöåâîé ÷àñòè èãðóøêè.
There is a parking area on the left.
Ìåñòî äëÿ ïàðêîâêè íàõîäèòñÿ ñëåâà .
3. Ñî ñðåäñòâàìè ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè è íåñòàíäàðòíûìè îáîðîòàìè:
íà ôåðìå,
ïåøêîì,
â îòïóñêå,
â ïðîäàæå,
ïî äåëó.
I like to listen to local news on the radio.
ß ëþáëþ ñëóøàòü ìåñòíûå íîâîñòè ïî ðàäèî.
My friend goes to work on foot.
Ìîé äðóã õîäèò ïåøêîì íà ðàáîòó.
We shall be on holidays in June.
Ìû áóäåì â îòïóñêå â èþíå.
3. Ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå äîáàâëÿþò äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ ïóòåøåñòâèÿ, åñëè çàäàåòñÿ ïðîñòîé âîïðîñ «íà ÷åì»
Don’t phone him, please. He is on plane now.
Íå çâîíèòå åìó, ïîæàëóéñòà. Îí ñåé÷àñ ïóòåøåñòâóåò íà ñàìîëåòå.