Ïðåäëîãè íàïðàâëåíèÿ (to, from, into, out of)

Ïðåäëîãè íàïðàâëåíèÿ (to, from, into, out of)

To — ê ïðåäìåòó

From — îò ïðåäìåòà

I go to the Institute. — ß õîæó â Èíñòèòóò.

I come from the theater. — ß èäó èç òåàòðà.

Into — â ïðåäìåò

Out of — èç ïðåäìåòà

I go into the Institute. — ß âõîæó â èíñòèòóò.

I go out of the theater. — ß âûõîæó èç òåàòðà.

Ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà (in, at, on)

In — íàõîæäåíèå ãäå-ëèáî

The students are in the room. — Ñòóäåíòû íàõîäÿòñÿ â êîìíàòå.

Çäåñü ïðåäëîã óêàçûâàåò òîëüêî íà òî, ÷òî ñòóäåíòû íàõîäÿòñÿ â êîìíàòå.

At — íàõîæäåíèå ãäå-ëèáî ñ êîíêðåòíîé öåëüþ.

The students are at the theater. — Ñòóäåíòû íàõîäÿòñÿ â òåàòðå.

Çäåñü ïðåäëîã óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî ñòóäåíòû íå ïðîñòî íàõîäÿòñÿ â òåàòðå, à ñìîòðÿò ïüåñó.

I am at school. — ß â øêîëå (ó÷óñü).

I am at the lesson. — ß íà óðîêå (çàíèìàþñü).

On — íàõîæäåíèå îäíîãî ïðåäìåòà íà äðóãîì.

The book is on the table. — Êíèãà íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñòîëå.

Ïðåäëîãè âðåìåíè (at, on, in, for)

At — äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ âðåìåíè ïî ÷àñàì

At 5 o’clock — â ïÿòü ÷àñîâ.

Êðîìå òîãî: at night — íî÷üþ, at noon — äíåì.

On — äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ äíåé

On Monday — â ïîíåäåëüíèê, on the fifth of May — ïÿòîãî ìàÿ.

In — 1) äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ áîëåå äëèòåëüíîãî îòðåçêà âðåìåíè

In May — â ìàå, in 1960 — â 1960 ãîäó, in summer — ëåòîì

Êðîìå òîãî: in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon.

2) ÷åðåç

I’ll be back in two days. — ß âåðíóñü ÷åðåç äâà äíÿ.

For — 1) â òå÷åíèå, â ïðîäîëæåíèå

He was doing it for two days. — Îí ýòî äåëàë â òå÷åíèå äâóõ äíåé.

2) íà

He has gone away for two days. — Îí óåõàë íà äâà äíÿ.

By — ê (îáû÷íî ñ ïåðôåêòîì)

He has come by five o’clock. — Îí ïðèøåë ê ïÿòè ÷àñîì.

Ïðåäëîãè, îáîçíà÷àþùèå îòíîøåíèÿ, âûðàæàåìûå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ïàäåæíûìè îêîí÷àíèÿìè (of, to, by, with)

Of — óêàçûâàåò íà îòíîøåíèÿ, âûðàæàåìûå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ðîäèòåëüíûì ïàäåæîì (êîãî, ÷åãî?)

The roof of the house is red. — Êðûøà äîìà êðàñíàÿ.

To — óêàçûâàåò íà îòíîøåíèÿ, âûðàæàåìûå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå äàòåëüíûì ïàäåæîì (êîìó, ÷åìó?)

I sent a book to him — ß ïîñëàë åìó êíèãó.

By, with — óêàçûâàåò íà îòíîøåíèÿ, âûðàæàåìûå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå òâîðèòåëüíûì ïàäåæîì (êåì, ÷åì?) By — äëÿ îäóøåâëåííûõ «äåÿòåëåé». With — äëÿ îðóäèÿ äåéñòâèÿ.

The book was written by him. — Êíèãà áûëà íàïèñàíà èì.

We write with a pen. — Ìû ïèøåì ðó÷êîé.